科研
科研
编译|李言
Nature, 22 May 2025, Volume 641 Issue 8064
《自然》2025年5月22日，第641卷，8064期
材料科学Material Sciences
Tunable vacuum-field control of fractional and integer quantum Hall phases
分数和整数量子霍尔相的可调控真空场控制
▲ 作者：Josefine Enkner, Lorenzo Graziotto et al.
▲ 链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08894-3
▲ 摘要：
该研究通过调控二维电子气与悬停分裂环谐振器真空场之间的耦合强度，使得奇数整数填充因子处交换分裂能显著减弱，同时增强4/3、5/3和7/5下的分数量子霍尔间隙。▲ Abstract：
Here we demonstrate that adjusting the coupling strength between a two-dimensional electron gas and the vacuum fields of a hovering split-ring resonator leads to a significant reduction in exchange splitting at odd-integer filling factors, along with an enhancement of fractional quantum Hall gaps at filling factors 4/3, 5/3 and 7/5. Theoretical analysis indicates that these effects stem from an effective long-range attractive interaction mediated by virtual cavity photons in regions with strong vacuum electric field gradients. Our findings uncover a new mechanism by which cavity vacuum fields can reshape electronic correlations in quantum Hall systems, establishing a new approach for manipulating correlated quantum phases in low-dimensional materials and paving the way for engineering tailored many-body interactions in compact devices.天文学Astronomy
Large gas inflow driven by a matured galactic bar in the early Universe
由早期宇宙中成熟星系棒所驱动的大规模气体流
▲ 作者：Shuo Huang, Ryohei Kawabe et al.
▲ 链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08914-2
▲ 摘要：
研究报道了对大爆炸后26亿年后，红移2.467处一个星系棒的动力学观测。通过对尘埃遮蔽的恒星形成星系J0107a的一氧化碳和原子碳发射谱线观测。▲ Abstract：
Here we report on a kinematic study of a galactic bar at redshift 2.467, 2.6 billion years after the Big Bang. We observed the carbon monoxide and atomic carbon emission lines of the dusty star-forming galaxy J0107a and found the bar of J0107a has gas distribution and motion in a pattern identical to local bars. At the same time, the bar drives large-scale non-circular motions that dominate over disk rotation, funnelling molecular gas into its centre at a rate of approximately 600 solar masses per year. Our results show that bar-driven dynamical processes and secular evolution were already at play 11.1 billion years ago, powering active star formation amid the gas-rich and far-infrared luminous growth phase in a massive disk galaxy.A retrograde planet in a tight binary star system with a white dwarf
一个与白矮星构成致密双星系统的逆行行星
▲ 作者：Ho Wan Cheng, Trifon Trifonov et al.
▲ 链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09006-x
▲ 摘要：
该研究展示了能证实行星存在假说的新径向速度测量数据。对所有径向速度数据的稳定拟合表明，该行星轨道必须为逆行且几乎共面的状态。▲ Abstract：
Here we present new radial velocity measurements that consolidate the planet hypothesis. Stable fits to all radial velocity data require the planetary orbit to be retrograde and practically coplanar. We also report the critical discovery from adaptive optics imaging that the companion star is a white dwarf. Our exploration of credible primordial binary orbital settings shows that the minimum separation between the stars was 1.3?au initially, which overlaps the current planetary orbit and makes any scenarios in which the circum-primary planetary orbit formed coevally with the young stars hardly conceivable. The retrograde planet must have originated from a circumbinary orbit or a second-generation protoplanetary disc, showing the role of binary stellar evolution in the formation and evolution of planetary systems.生物学Biology
A prospective code for value in the serotonin system
5-羟色胺系统中价值的预期代码
▲ 作者：Emerson F. Harkin, Cooper D. Grossman et al.
▲ 链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08731-7
▲ 摘要：
通过整合强化学习理论与中缝核过滤特性的最新发现，该研究提出了一个基于未来价值代码的统一理论框架。▲ Abstract：
Merging ideas from reinforcement learning theory with recent insights into the filtering properties of the dorsal raphe nucleus, here we find a unifying perspective in a prospective code for value. This biological code for near-future reward explains why serotonin neurons are activated by both rewards and punishments, and why these neurons are more strongly activated by surprising rewards but have no such surprise preference for punishments—observations that previous theories have failed to reconcile. Finally, our model quantitatively predicts in vivo population activity better than previous theories. By reconciling previous theories and establishing a precise connection with reinforcement learning, our work represents an important step towards understanding the role of serotonin in learning and behaviour.地球科学Earth Science
Exploring pathways for world development within planetary boundaries
探索在地球边界框架内的全球发展路径
▲ 作者：Detlef P. van Vuuren, Jonathan C. Doelman et al.
▲ 链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08928-w
▲ 摘要：
研究者运用全球环境评估综合模型，对2050年9个地球边界中8个的控制变量演变路径进行了多情景预测，涵盖政策强化与维持现状两种模式。▲ Abstract：
Here we use the Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment to project control variables for eight out of nine planetary boundaries under alternative scenarios to 2050, both with and without strong environmental policy measures. The results show that, with current trends and policies, the situation is projected to worsen to 2050 for all planetary boundaries, except for ozone depletion. Targeted interventions, such as implementing the Paris climate agreement, a shift to a healthier diet, improved food, and water- and nutrient-use efficiency, can effectively reduce the degree of transgression of the planetary boundaries, steering humanity towards a more sustainable trajectory (that is, if they can be implemented based on social and institutional feasibility considerations). However, even in this scenario, several planetary boundaries, including climate change, biogeochemical flows and biodiversity, will remain transgressed in 2050, partly as result of inertia. This means that more-effective policy measures will be needed to ensure we are living well within the planetary boundaries.人类学Anthropology
High continuity of forager ancestry in the Neolithic period of the eastern Maghreb
新石器时代东马格里布地区采集者血统的高度延续性
▲ 作者：Mark Lipson, Harald Ringbauer et al.
▲ 链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08699-4
▲ 摘要：
研究展示了来自阿尔及利亚和突尼斯、跨越旧石器时代晚期至新石器时代的9个古代个体的全基因组数据。最早期的个体（约距今15000年—7600年）与西马格里布地区前新石器时代人群相近，表明这种'马格里布'遗传特征具有广泛的时空分布。▲ Abstract：
Here we present genome-wide data for nine individuals from the Later Stone Age through the Neolithic period from Algeria and Tunisia. The earliest individuals cluster with pre-Neolithic people of the western Maghreb (around 15,000–7,600 years before present (bp)), showing that this ‘Maghrebi’ ancestry profile had a substantial geographic and temporal extent. At least one individual from Djebba (Tunisia), dating to around 8,000 years bp, harboured ancestry from European hunter–gatherers, probably reflecting movement in the Early Holocene across the Strait of Sicily. Later Neolithic people from the eastern Maghreb retained largely local forager ancestry, together with smaller contributions from European farmers (by around 7,000 years bp) and Levantine groups (by around 6,800 years bp), and were thus far less impacted by external gene flow than were populations in other parts of the Neolithic Mediterranean.本文链接：http://knowith.com/news-3-2671.html《自然》（20250522出版）一周论文导读
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