腾远高考2024高中语法高考英语语法:高中英语语法-高中英语语法讲义3

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非谓语动词

(二)-ing形式:动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征,可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。

1、-ing的形式:-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态,而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例,将其-ing各种形式列表如下:

动词语态

形式及物动词make 不及物动词go

主动语态被动语态主动语态

一般式 making being made going

完成式 having made having been made having gone

2、-ing形式的基本用法。

(1)作主语:Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。Talking is easier than doing. -ing作主语时,如果其结构较长,可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的-ing后置。如:It isn't much good writing to them again. It's no use waiting here.

(2)作表语:Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.

(3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语。She likes drawing very much.;②作某些短语动词的宾语。 Mary is thinking of going back to New York.;③ do+限定词(my, some, any, the等)+ -ing,表示"做…事"之意,如:We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? ④作介词的宾语:Her sister is good at learning physics.;⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语:This book is well worth reading. -ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时,要用it作为形式宾语,而将作宾语的-ing后置,如:We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again?

(4)作定语:The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注:-ing形式作定语用时,如果-ing只是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是-ing短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后,-ing作定语时,被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。另外,-ing作定语用时,其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的,如果不是同时进行的,就不能用-ing作定语,要使用定语从句,如:The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well.

(5)作宾语补足语:We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注:当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时,句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语,可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。

(6)作状语:①时间状语:Seeing Tom, I couldn't help thinking of his brother. 分词在句中作时间状语时,其前一般可加when或while,如:When crossing street, you must be careful. ②原因状语:Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. ③方式或伴随状语:Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.

3、主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前,一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语,并且是它所表示的动作的执行者,如:Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.

4、被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作,而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定语或状语用。如:The truck being repaired there is ours.

5、被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,在句中一般作状语用。如:Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.

6、-ing形式的复合结构。在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,如:Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口语中,这种结构如作宾语用,其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格,名词的所有格常用名词的普通格代替,如:She insisted on Peter's (or Peter)going there first.

7、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。一般说来,表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。表示一个具体某一次的动作时,多用动词不定式,如:Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today.

8、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。-ing形式作定语用时,其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生,而动词不定式作定语时,其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如:The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write.

9、-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。(1)不定式作宾补时,其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后,如:I have told them to come again tomorrow.(2)在see, watch, hear, feel等之后,如果用-ing形式作宾补,表示其动作正在进行中,而用不带to的不定式作宾补时,不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程,如:I hear her singing in the room.我听见她正在屋里唱歌。 I hear her sing in the room.我听见她在屋里唱过歌。

10、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况,而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时,一般是作目的或结果状语,如:Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.

练习、非谓语动词(二)

1. Alien said that his trip was _______.

A. interested B. interest C. interesting D. of interest

2. We can't understand ______ a decision until it is too late.

A. him to postpone to make B. his postponing to make

C. him to postpone making D. his postponing making

3. I couldn't understand ______ at the poor child.

A. you to laugh B. you laugh C. why laugh D. you laughing

4. It's no use______ with him. You might as well ______ with a stone wall.

A. arguing, argue B. to argue, arguing C. arguing, arguing D. to argue, argue

5. It is no good ______ today's work for tomorrow.

A. to leave B. leaving C. that you leave D. leave

6. The old man's ______ pity on the snake led to his own death.

A. take B. taking C. being taken D. have

7. It's very kind ______ you ______ say so.

A. of, to B. for, to C. to, to D. of, /

8. Some people's greatest pleasure is ______ .

A. fishing B. to fish C. to be fish D. being fishing

9. Remember ______ the book, when you have finished it.

A. putting back B. having put back C. to put back D. will put back

10. You didn't hear us come back last night. That's good. We tried ______ noisy.

A. to not be B. not to be C. being not D. not being

1~5 CDDAB 6~10 BAACB 《高中英语语法-非谓语动词》由出国留学我精心为您学习英语准备.liuxue86.com

高考英语语法:高中英语语法-高中英语语法讲义3

《高中英语语法-高中英语语法讲义3》由出国留学我精心为您学习英语准备.liuxue86.com。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。
高中英语语法讲义3

三、一致关系

一)主谓一致

1. 主谓一致(与插入语无关)

1主谓的分隔原则:主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。

2定语从句中的主谓一致:

3随前一致:

n. + together with n2

as well as

including

along with

with / of

accompanied with / by

4就近原则:n1 or n2 +v(就近原则)

either n1 or n2

5可数n1 and 可数n2+v(pl)

不可数n1 and 不可数n2+v(pl)

例外:war and peace is… war and peace是一个整体

但是如果主语表示的是同一个概念,同一人,同一事的时候,谓语动词用单数,这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个冠词。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.

The head master and mathematical teacher is coming.

The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.

类似的还有:law and order bread and

butter black and white

To love and to be loved is …

A lawyer and a teacher are…

A lawyer and teacher is …

6随后原则:not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(与B一致)

7百分比结构:most , half , rest , some , majority , one+persent

of+n1+v.(由n1决定)

8倒装结构的主谓一致:

a)There be +n 由名词决定动词

b)Among , between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构:

Among / Between …+系动词+n. (由名词决定动词)

9The+adj的主谓一致:

a)当表示"一类人",

b)当表示某一抽象概念时

The good is always attractive.

10 To do/doing/主从+vs

*More than one+n

many a +n.

a day or two

二)、倒装

1 全部倒装

是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:Up went the plane = the plane went up.

1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

2) 表示运动方向的副词(back, down, off, up)或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。

注意:1) 上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能倒装。Here he comes. Away they went. 2) 谓语动词是be的时候,不能倒装。 Here it is. Here you are.

3) 形容词短语/分词短语位于句首,引起倒装

*typical of characteristic of

*coinciding with + n

4) 表示地点范围的介词短语位于句首,谓语动词为系动词,一定引起倒装

In…(表语)+系动词+主,主同。

*在倒装句型答案中不能出现there

*常考介词要倒装:among between in at beneath

常考的系动词:be lie exist remain rest

部分倒装

1. 否定 adv 位于句首,引起倒装:not only, not until, hardly, scarcely,

seldom, rarely, no sooner…than

1) not until + 时间 + 主谓倒装,not until + 句子+主谓倒装

2) only+状语位于句首

only +ad. eg: recently

prep.短短语 eg: in recently years

从句 eg: when clause

only一个词本身不倒装

3) 在比较级结构中,than后面可以倒装,也可以不倒装。

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。

? 1) Neither, nor, so 表示前面句子的共同否定或者肯定,产生倒装,一般主动词提前,谓语动词的其他部分就

4) as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。

as〔让步〕虽然,尽管〔词序倒装。语气比 though 强〕。

Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽成功,却不骄傲。

Women as she is, she's every brave.

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

注意:A) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。B) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

5) 其他部分倒装

a) so… that 句型中的so; such… that句型中的such位于句首时,需倒装。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

b) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中:May you all be happy.

c) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it again.

四、复合句

从句可分为:

? 名词性从句' 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

? 形容词性从句'定语从句

? 副词性从句'状语从句

" 常考的关系代词:that; which; who/whom/whose; where; when; what; as。

" 常见的同位语从句现行词(that之前的抽象名词):fact, idea, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, opinion, problem, thought, understanding…

" 常用的引导词

o 时间状语从句:while; when; before; whenever; as; after; till; until; since; once; ever since; as/so long as; as soon as; no sooner… than; hardly… when; scarcely/barely… when; the moment/minute/instant; on (the point of) doing…

o 地点状语从句:where; wherever

o 原因状语从句:because; since; as; seeing that; considering that; now that; in that; for fear that; lest; owing to the fact that; because of the fact that; due to the fact that…

o 方式状语从句:as; as if; as though; how; save that…

o 比较状语从句:as; than; as… as; not so… as; hardly… than;

o 结果状语从句:so that; so… that; such… that; so as to…

o 条件状语从句:if; unless; in case; so long as; so far as; provided/providing/that; supposing; granted/granting that…; giving that….

o 让步状语从句:though; although; even if; even though; whether; as; however; no matter (what, how, when); for all that; in spite of the fact that; granted that; regardless of the fact that…

o 目的状语从句:that; so that; in order that; lest; for the fear that; in case…

定语从句:

which 引导的定语从句结构

1)which是关系代词,which后面应该加缺主语或者宾语的句子,

在这个句子中,which要作成分,作主语或者宾语

2)in which+完整的句子

which在定语从句中作in的宾语,所以不能作后面句子的主语

3)名词+of which+谓语动词

of which来修饰名词,名词在定语从句中作主语,所以后面直接跟谓语动词

I have five books three of which are borrowed from Mary.

4)介词+ which +to do 其功能相当于定语从句。

The key with which to open the door is lost.

5)定语从句的省略结构:

1. 如果that / which在定从中作宾语,可以省略.

sub+vt+n+(which / that)+sub+vt

→s+vt+n+s+v

s+vt+n1+n2+vt

*当做题时,若发现两个名词在一起,但是似乎连不上,则一定省略that /

which,则动词为vt,做谓语。

6)定从的特殊省略

the way (in which) + 句子

the reason (why that)+句子均为完整句

the time (that / when)+句子

I do remember the first time (that省) I ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.

By the time省that+句子,句子。

7)定从的主系省略(主+系可同时省)

即:which be , who be , that be可同时省

状语从句省略结构

这种省略从句主语的方式理论上需要满足以下两个条件:

第一、特定的状语从句引导词:although though even though when while if as

第二、从句主语和主句主语必须保持一致;

第三、从句的谓语必须是be动词,主语和be动词同进同出,

比如上面的they和are要么同时省略,要么同时保留。《高中英语语法-高中英语语法讲义3》由出国留学我精心为您学习英语准备.liuxue86.com

高考英语13个语法考点高中英语重点语法知识归纳

很多高中生不知道英语语法方面有哪些重点知识，高考英语经常出现的语法考点有哪些呢?下面我为大家介绍一下!

高考容易出现的13个语法知识总结

1. 考查never置于句首时的倒装

当否定副词never置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。如：(答案分别为BA)

(1) Never in my wildest dreams _________ these people are living in such poor conditions. (安徽卷)

A. I could imagine B. could I imagine

C. I couldn’t imagine D. couldn’t I imagine

(2) Never before _________ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. (上海卷)

A. has this city been B. this city has been

C. was this city D. this city was

2. 考查little置于句首时的倒装

当否定副词little置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。如：(答案分别为DD)

(1) Little _________ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business. (安徽卷)

A. he realized B. he didn’t realize

C. didn’t he realize D. did he realize

(2) They have a good knowledge of English but little _________ they know about German (天津卷)

A. have B. did C. had D. do

3. 考查seldom置于句首时的倒装

当否定副词seldom置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。如：(答案分别为BA)

(1) Seldom _________ any apology when mistakes are made.

A. we receive B. do we receive

C. we received D. did we receive

(2) Seldom _________ an article that was so full of lies.

A. have I read B. I have read C. had I read D. I had read.

4. 考查hardly / scarcely置于句首时的倒装

当否定副词hardly, scarcely等置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同) 。如：(答案为A)

Hardly _________ Edinburgh than they were ordered to return to London.

A. had they reached B. they had reached

C. have the reached D. they have reached

5. 考查no sooner等置于句首时的倒装

当no sooner, no longer等结构置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同) 。如：(答案分别为AC)

(1) —Did Linda see the traffic accident?

—No, no sooner _________ than it happened. (天津卷)

A. had she gone B. she had gone

C. has she gone D. she has gone

(2) No sooner _________ mowing the lawn than it started raining.

A. have I started B. I have started

C. had I started D. I had started

6. 考查nowhere置于句首时的倒装

当否定副词nowhere置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。如：(答案为A)

Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _________such a beautiful place. (辽宁卷)

A. can you find B. you could find

C. you can find D. could you find

7. 考查by no means等置于句首时的倒装

当表示否定意义的副词性短语by no mearns, on no accounts, in no case, at no time等置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。如：(答案为D)

I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _________ with my progress. (重庆卷)

A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied

C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied

8. 考查not only置于句首时的倒装

当not only…but also句式的not only部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。如：(答案为B)

_________ snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (上海)

A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring

C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring

9. 考查not until置于句首时的倒装

当not…until句式转换成not until且置于句首时，其后的主句部分习惯上要用倒装语序( 与一般疑问句形式相同)。如：(答案为B)

Not until I began to work _________ how much time I had wasted.

A. didn't I realize B. did I realize

C. I didn't realize D. I realized

10. 考查“only+状语”置于句首时的倒装

当“only+状语”置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。如：(答案为DA)

(1) Only then _________ how much damage had been caused. (陕西卷)

A. she realized B. she had realized

C. had she realized D. did she realize

(2) _________ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. (浙江卷)

A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet

11. 考查“so+形容词”置于句首时的倒装

当so…that句式的“so+形容词”部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序( 与一般疑问句形式相同)。如：(答案为BB)

(1) _________ that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere. (陕西卷)

A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business

C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business

(2) So difficult _________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. (广东卷)

A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found

12. 考查类似“so do I”结构的倒装

So do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一肯定的情况，后者也同样适用，通常可译为 “……也一样”“……也是如此”。如：(答案为CA)

(1) — My room gets very cold at night.

— _________. (江苏卷)

A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does

(2) —It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?

—Yes. _________ yesterday. (福建卷)

A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it

13. 考查类似“nor / neither do I”结构的倒装

nor [neither] do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一否定的情况，后者也同样适用，通常可译为“……也一样”“……也是如此”。如：(答案为B)

If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, _________. (全国II)

A. he will either B. neither will he

C. he neither will D. either he will

高考英语语法重点归纳总结

一、名词和冠词

考点有名词的可数与不可数,名词的格,名词作定语,冠词的考点是,定冠词与不定冠词,零冠词。

二：代词和it的用法

一般常考的是other,another,the other,others的区别,both,either,neither,all,every,each,none的区别,还有something,anything,everything的用法(这个比较简单)这一块最难的应该是it,that,one作代词时的区别了。

三、介词和连词

一般考动词的固定搭配,in,at,for,to,of,on,with,about,from,into,after···常用介词.连词最常考得应该是“除此之外”了,expect,expect for,besides,还有表原因的连词;as,for,since,because的区别。

四、形容词和副词

这一块比较简单最常考的就是比较级了,其次是以ly结尾但不是副词的词了,比如说friendly是形容词,形容词的排序问题在今年的高考中也出现了,不过这个是基础但不是重点。

五、动词和动词短语

这个考点是重点,在完形填空及改错和单选中是必考的,这个只能靠你自己的积累,课本中的动词短语是重点,必须记下来。

六、情态动词和虚拟语气,常见的情态动词就够应付考试了,虚拟语气是高中语法的难点但不是重点。

七、动词的时态和语态(就是主动句和被动句)时态有一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,一般将来时,现在进行表将来,一般现在表将来,过去将来时(一般不考),现在完成时,过去完成时,现在完成进行时(现在很常考)。

八、非谓语动词

动名词作主语,不定式作主语,动名词作宾语,不定式作宾语,动名词作定语,不定式做定语,这一块也比较简单九：数词和主谓一致,数词的考点;基数词,序数词,分数,百分数,(这一块既不是难点也不是重点),主谓一致在以前比较重要,现在地位有所下降。

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