科研
科研
Science, VOLUME 388, ISSUE 6743, 11 APR 2025
《科学》第388卷，6743期，2025年4月11日
生命科学Life Sciences
Targeted MYC2 stabilization confers citrus Huanglongbing resistance
研究解析柑橘抗黄龙病核心分子机制并筛选出抗病小肽
▲ 作者：PINGZHI ZHAO, HUAN YANG, YANWEI SUN, JINGYIN ZHANG, KAIXING GAO, JINBAO WU, CHENGRONG ZHU, CECE YIN, XIAOYUE CHEN,, AND JIAN YE
▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq7203
▲ 摘要：柑橘黄龙病被称为“柑橘界的癌症”，这种由亚洲韧皮杆菌引发的毁灭性病害，已肆虐全球近50个国家，导致柑橘产业年均损失超百亿美元。中国科学院微生物研究所研究员叶健团队成功解析柑橘抗黄龙病核心分子机制，并利用人工智能（AI）技术筛选出可有效防控该病害的小肽。
这项研究不仅破解了困扰国际农业界缺乏柑橘黄龙病抗性基因的科学难题，也为全球柑橘产业可持续发展提供了新的解决方案。
▲ Abstract：Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating citrus disease. In this work, we report an HLB resistance regulatory circuit in Citrus composed of an E3 ubiquitin ligase, PUB21, and its substrate, the MYC2 transcription factor, which regulates jasmonate-mediated defense responses. A helitron insertion in the PUB21 promoter introduced multiple MYC2-binding cis-elements to create a regulatory circuit linking the PUB21 activity with MYC2 degradation. Ectopic expression of a natural dominant-negative PUB21 paralog discovered in distant Citrus relatives stabilized MYC2 and conferred resistance to HLB. Antiproteolysis peptides (APPs), identified by artificial intelligence, stabilized MYC2 by binding and inhibiting PUB21 activity. A 14–amino acid peptide, APP3-14, molecularly controlled HLB in greenhouse and field trials. This approach represents a strategy to combat uncultivable pathogens through targeted disease resistance protein stabilization.
The genetic architecture of and evolutionary constraints on the human pelvic form
人类骨盆形态的遗传结构和进化限制
▲ 作者：LIAOYI XU, EUCHARIST KUN, DEVANSH PANDEY, JOYCE Y. WANG, MARIANNE F. BRASIL, TARJINDER SINGH, AND VAGHEESH M. NARASIMHAN
▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq1521
▲摘要：产科困境，源于两足动物最佳骨盆结构与成功孕育出更大大脑婴儿所需条件之间的冲突。然而，检验这一理论所需的数据尚未获得。研究者使用英国生物数据库解开了骨盆形态的遗传基础。
他们发现了180个与7种骨盆比例表型相关的基因组位点，以及骨盆比例与骨关节炎、步行速度和背痛等特征之间的遗传相关性，从而深入了解了产科困境的各个方面。
▲ Abstract：The obstetrical dilemma stems from a conflict between the optimal pelvic structure for bipedalism and what is required for successfully birthing infants with larger brains than previous hominins. However, the data required to test this theory have not been available. Xu et al. used the UK Biobank to disentangle the genetic basis of pelvic morphology. They found 180 genome sites associated with seven pelvic proportion phenotypes, as well as genetic correlations between pelvic proportions and traits such as osteoarthritis, walking speed, and back pain, giving insight into facets of the obstetrical dilemma.
物理学Physics
Beyond-classical computation in quantum simulation
量子模拟中的超经典计算
▲ 作者：ANDREW D. KING , ALBERTO NOCERA, MAREK M. RAMS, JACEK DZIARMAGA, ROELAND WIERSEMA, WILLIAM BERNOUDY, JACK RAYMOND, NITIN KAUSHAL, NICLAS HEINSDORF, AND MOHAMMAD H. AMIN
▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado6285
▲摘要：量子计算机应该能够解决经典计算机无法解决的某些问题。然而，在目前的发展阶段，量子计算硬件的不完善削弱了这种比较优势。研究者将其量子退火处理器的性能与最先进的经典问题模拟进行了对比。
他们发现，在一系列图拓扑中，量子处理器的性能优于经典模拟。这些结果对经典计算提出了挑战——在过去，经典计算的方法改进曾多次削弱了"量子优越性"相关主张的可信度。
▲ Abstract：Quantum computers should be able to solve certain problems that classical computers cannot; however, at the current stage of development, imperfections in quantum computing hardware diminish this comparative advantage. King et al. contrasted the performance of their quantum annealing processor to state-of-the-art classical simulations of topical problems such as the quantum dynamics of the transverse-field Ising model. The researchers found that across a range of graph topologies, the quantum processor was able to outperform classical simulations. The results provide a challenge to classical computing, in which method improvement has in the past tempered claims of quantum advantage.
Ultrahigh capacitive energy storage through dendritic nanopolar design
树枝状纳米极设计的超高电容储能
▲ 作者：YAJING LIU, YANG ZHANG, JING WANG, CHAO YANG, HONGGUANG WANG, JUDITH L. MACMANUS-DRISCOLL, HAO YANG, PETER A. VAN AKEN, WEIWEI LI, AND CE-WEN NAN
▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt2703
▲摘要：具有超高功率密度的静电介质电容器因具有超快的充放电能力，在先进的电子和电气系统中受到追捧。然而，低击穿强度和抑制极化导致的低能量密度仍然是实际应用中一个令人生畏的挑战。
研究者提出了一种树突状纳米极（DNP）区域自组装成绝缘体的微观结构策略。该策略同时提高了击穿强度和高场极化率，最大限度地减少了能量损失，从而显著提高了储能性能和稳定性。
研究者在DNP结构设计的PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3-MgO薄膜中，在7.4兆伏/厘米的高电场下，实现了215.8焦耳/立方厘米的高能量密度，效率为80.7%。所提出的策略一般适用于高性能介电微电容器的开发。
▲ Abstract：Electrostatic dielectric capacitors with ultrahigh power densities are sought after for advanced electronic and electrical systems owing to their ultrafast charge-discharge capability. However, low energy density resulting from low breakdown strength and suppressed polarization still remains a daunting challenge for practical applications. We propose a microstructural strategy with dendritic nanopolar (DNP) regions self-assembled into an insulator, which simultaneously enhances breakdown strength and high-field polarizability and minimizes energy loss and thus markedly improves energy storage performance and stability. For illustration, in this study, we achieved a high energy density of 215.8 joules per cubic centimeter with an efficiency of 80.7% at a high electric field of 7.4 megavolts per centimeter in a DNP structure–designed PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3-MgO film. The proposed strategy is generally applicable for development of high-performance dielectric microcapacitors.
化学Chemistry
Circular 3D printing of high-performance photopolymers through dissociative network design
通过解离网络设计实现高性能光聚合物的圆形3D打印
▲ 作者：BO YANG, TIANTIAN NI, JINGJUN WU, ZIZHENG FANG KEXUAN YANG, BEN HE, XINGQUN PU, GUANCONG CHEN, CHUJUN NI, AND TAO XIE
▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ads3880
▲摘要：闭环塑料回收的一种方法是将聚合物还原为单体，这样就可以在不损失性能的情况下制造新的塑料。这种解聚要求限制了分子设计以制造具有高机械性能的聚合物。
研究者报告了三维（3D）打印化学通过形成二硫缩醛键逐步光聚合。通过解离二硫缩醛键，聚合网络可以转化回光反应性低聚物。这种网络-低聚物转换是可逆的，因此可以使用相同的材料进行圆形3D打印。
该方法提供了在设计聚合物的网络主干时进行模块化调整的灵活性。这样就可以获得完全可回收的弹性体、结晶聚合物和具有高机械韧性的刚性玻璃聚合物，使它们可能适用于多种应用场景。
▲ Abstract：One approach for closed-loop plastics recycling relies on reverting polymers back into monomers because one can then make new plastics without loss of properties. This depolymerization requirement restricts the molecular design to making polymers with high mechanical performance. We report a three-dimensional (3D) printing chemistry through stepwise photopolymerization by forming dithioacetal bonds. The polymerized network can be transformed back into a photoreactive oligomer by dissociation of the dithioacetal bonds. This network-oligomer transformation is reversible, therefore allowing circular 3D printing using the same material. Our approach offers the flexibility of making modular adjustments in the design of the network backbone of a polymer. This allows access to fully recyclable elastomers, crystalline polymers, and rigid glassy polymers with high mechanical toughness, making them potentially suitable for diverse applications.
生态学Ecology
Pharmaceutical pollution influences river-to-sea migration in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
药物污染影响大西洋大马哈鱼向河流洄游
▲ 作者：JACK A. BRAND, MARCUS MICHELANGELI, SAMUEL J. SHRY, ELEANOR R. MOORE, ANEESH P. H. BOSE, DANIEL CERVENY, JAKE M. MARTIN, GUSTAV HELLSTR?M, ERIN S. MCCALLUM , AND MICHAEL G. BERTRAM
▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp7174
▲摘要：药物污染的威胁越来越大，但人们对其是否会以及如何影响野生动物的行为缺乏了解。
研究者通过大西洋鲑鱼发现，全球检测到的抗焦虑性污染物氯巴唑在暴露的鱼的大脑中积累，并影响河流到海洋的迁移成功。暴露于氯巴唑仑的鱼类在迁徙路线上通过两座水电站水坝的速度加快，与对照组相比，更多暴露于氯巴唑仑的鱼类进入大海。
他们认为，这种影响可能是由于暴露于氯巴唑的鱼类改变了游动行为。药物引起的行为改变预计会对野生种群的生态和进化产生广泛的影响
▲ Abstract：Despite the growing threat of pharmaceutical pollution, we lack an understanding of whether and how such pollutants influence animal behavior in the wild. Using laboratory- and field-based experiments across multiple years in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar; n = 730), we show that the globally detected anxiolytic pollutant clobazam accumulates in the brain of exposed fish and influences river-to-sea migration success. Clobazam exposure increased the speed with which fish passed through two hydropower dams along their migration route, resulting in more clobazam-exposed fish reaching the sea compared with controls. We argue that such effects may arise from altered shoaling behavior in fish exposed to clobazam. Drug-induced behavioral changes are expected to have wide-ranging consequences for the ecology and evolution of wild populations.
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